1. Philosophy

2. key features

1. Benefits of Encapsulation

Example

public class Person {
private String name;  // Private variable, it's hidden
private int age;      // Another private variable

// Constructor
public Person(String name, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
}

// Public getter for name
public String getName() {
    return name;
}

// Public setter for name
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

// Public getter for age
public int getAge() {
    return age;
}

// Public setter for age
public void setAge(int age) {
    if (age > 0) { // Simple check to maintain a valid state
        this.age = age;
    }
}